PDF Ebook Randomness in Evolution, by John Tyler Bonner
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Randomness in Evolution, by John Tyler Bonner
PDF Ebook Randomness in Evolution, by John Tyler Bonner
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John Tyler Bonner, one of our most distinguished and insightful biologists, here challenges a central tenet of evolutionary biology. In this concise, elegantly written book, he makes the bold and provocative claim that some biological diversity may be explained by something other than natural selection.
With his customary wit and accessible style, Bonner makes an argument for the underappreciated role that randomness - or chance - plays in evolution. Due to the tremendous and enduring influence of Darwin's natural selection, the importance of randomness has been to some extent overshadowed. Bonner shows how the effects of randomness differ for organisms of different sizes, and how the smaller an organism is, the more likely it is that morphological differences will be random and selection may not be involved to any degree. He traces the increase in size and complexity of organisms over geological time, and looks at the varying significance of randomness at different size levels, from microorganisms to large mammals. Bonner also discusses how sexual cycles vary depending on size and complexity, and how the trend away from randomness in higher forms has even been reversed in some social organisms.
Certain to provoke lively discussion, Randomness in Evolution is a book that may fundamentally change our understanding of evolution and the history of life.
- Sales Rank: #103785 in Audible
- Published on: 2013-05-07
- Released on: 2013-05-07
- Format: Unabridged
- Original language: English
- Running time: 164 minutes
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Size Matters
By Rob Hardy
To the delight of creationists, astronomer Fred Hoyle proclaimed about the formation and the evolution of life in 1983, "The chance that higher life forms might have emerged in this way is comparable to the chance that a tornado sweeping through a junkyard might assemble a Boeing 747 from the materials therein." Hoyle's derisive statement of probabilities has been decisively debunked by biologists, but he tapped into just the right vein to promote distrust: we do not like randomness (even if it is not so extreme as Hoyle declared), and many feel uncomfortable with the formation of life or its modification being powered by random processes. Randomness is at the heart of evolution, in ways that biologist John Tyler Bonner reviews in _Randomness in Evolution_ (Princeton University Press). He does not just give a little primer on the way that random events cause evolutionary change; he also puts forth his own view of how randomness affects some branches of species more than others, specifically that randomness affects tiny creatures more than it does larger ones.
"All of evolutionary change is built on a foundation of randomness," writes Bonner. "It provides the necessary material for natural selection which then does indeed bring forth the order our inner mind so actively craves." The most well known aspect of randomness in evolution is mutation, the chance change of some DNA base, which Bonner reviews here. Evolution started somehow even before tiny, one-celled creatures existed, and its most obvious spectacular processes have been to go from small to large, from simple to complex. Smaller organisms have few developmental steps. In this way, there might be generated huge numbers of different small organism forms, especially given how quickly one generation succeeds another. The forms could be enormously varied. The cover of Bonner's book shows some of the famous drawings by Ernst Haeckel of radiolarians brought back from the voyage of the _HMS Challenger_. They are protozoa that possess fantastically diverse mineral skeletons that look like bizarre variations on the Platonic solids. It used to be that biologists argued that these differences were adaptive; perhaps different skeletal forms meant greater strength. "It has even been suggested to me," writes Bonner, "that each shape is a selective response to a specific predator, or a specific niche, but if so, where are those thousands of predators and niches?" Instead, Bonner says that most of these varieties are neutral; they are all pretty good at getting along in their own way, and the baroque changes of skeletons are so contrived because they do not really make a difference to the organism's survival. That sort of variety of morphology through randomness could never be expressed in larger organisms. Naturally, Bonner pulls examples from slime molds, his focus of research for sixty years. He also reflects upon the ability of some organisms to alternate a sexual with an asexual cycle. Smaller creatures can do it, and larger ones almost never do.
In many ways, _Randomness in Evolution_ extends the ideas Bonner put forth in another book, Why Size Matters. He does call upon some understanding of biological principles, but his style is forthright, informal, and humorous. His reminder that not every trait has a biologically adaptive function is a welcome lesson, as is his self-deprecating description of his ideas as just another "just-so" story. His current volume contains more speculation (reasoned speculation, to be sure) than his others, and it may be a call to the biologists who take over from him to do more research to confirm or to refute the often surprising ideas here.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
excellent book
By Natan Avram
John Tyler Bonner has the amazing ability to synthesize the facts and come with a new important idea, namely that random events sometimes determine evolutionary outcomes, not selection. While the role of stochasticity has been understood for a while in various fields such as population genetics (and has Michael Lynch as an erudite and eloquent advocate), Bonner comes from a different perspective, that of experimental evolutionary biology. Bonner once again writes briefly yet eloquently. Read this book!
3 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Bonner is a master and this book is a gem
By TFKhang
This book is a gem. Bonner is a master of conciseness. Through masterful writing, he succeeds in bringing randomness, hitherto relegated to a minor cast in the grand play known as evolution, to the spotlight. This book can't be ignored by the community of biologists.
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